Based in Glasgow, UK, Biopta (now REPROCELL Europe) offers contract research services to the pharmaceutical industry using ethically donated residual human tissue from surgery. They provide early indications of drug safety, efficacy, and absorption through their human ex vivo pharmacology models, which bridge the gap between animal in vivo data and the clinic. Their services include human safety assays, human efficacy assays, and human absorption assays, which are available during early discovery and development phases to reduce the number of compounds that fail in later stages of drug development.